Godfather Death Essay

What might you request your infant youngster on the off chance that you could request anything? What might you penance to get it? In the domain of fantasies, subjects, for example, these are normal impetuses for passing on life decisions and the following outcomes. Every story may identify with specific situations or societal position of a particular sexual orientation, yet one such taleâ€Godfather Deathâ€can be identified with by different social statuses. The subject that is thought about by the Brothers Grimm is passing and the force or absence of that an individual has to control it (Grimm 233). â€Å"See,† said Death, â€Å"these are the life-lights of humankind. The enormous ones have a place with youngsters, the medium-sized ones to wedded individuals in their greatest years, and the little ones to elderly individuals. Be that as it may, even kids and youngsters regularly have just a minuscule light. † This Grimm Brothers’ record of such a story includes a dad that is depicted as a diligent employee that can scarcely give his twelve kids the essential necessities of life (Grimm 230). At the point when he is educated he has a thirteenth kid appearing on the scene, the dad promptly looks for a guardian to make this child’s life a simpler one than the past twelve. In the wake of checking on his discovered decisions of God, the Devil, and Death, he picks Death as his son’s back up parent. The dad trusts Death is the most fair and will give uniformity to all. The child happens to age and Godfather Death gives him a current that will make the existence useful for the now youngster: He took him out into the forested areas and indicated him a herb that developed there, saying, â€Å"Now you will get your godfather’s present. I will transform you into an acclaimed doctor. At whatever point you are called to a debilitated individual I will appear to you. On the off potential for success that I have at the wiped out person’s head, you may state with certainty that you can make him well once more; at that point give him a portion of this herb, and he will recuperate. Be that as it may, on the off potential for success that I have at the debilitated person’s feet, he is mine, and you should state that he is past assistance, and that no doctor on the planet could spare him. Be that as it may, be careful with utilizing this herb without wanting to, or something terrible will transpire. â€Å" The Grimm story, now, persuades that the man’s father settled on a decent decision in picking the adoptive parent as the youngster gets renowned and rich by obeying Death’s guidelines of the blessing. Most guardians would be content with such outcomes. Similarly as with most fantasies, favorable luck for the most part has a cost to be paid. On account of Grandfather Death, the cost isn't having the option to single out who can kick the bucket and who can't as the man discovers when he frantically needs a specific ruler to live and afterward the king’s girl (Grimm 231, 232). The man finds exactly how evident that reality is. This is a fascinating point to consider and in my exploration I ran over an article giving knowledge into the personal satisfaction during the times of biting the dust (CBSNews 1). All in all, is broadening life a substantial activity if the personal satisfaction is flawed? In the article, coming up next was found: â€Å"Families can't envision there could be anything more regrettable than their adored one kicking the bucket. Be that as it may, truth be told, there are things more regrettable. Most for the most part, it’s having somebody you love kick the bucket badly,† Byock said. A larger part of Americans state they need to bite the dust at home, however 75 percent bite the dust in a clinic or a nursing home. The article brings up another reality of how much cash is spent on drawing out death only a couple of days, weeks, months sometimes. I think it’s intriguing that we will in general go through a great deal of cash staying away from the unavoidable. Personal satisfaction? These are for the most part great inquiries that an individual will in the long run consider. â€Å"What will I offer up to remain alive somewhat more? † In the story, Death takes the man to see his flame that speaks to his life, which has gotten short as the man chose to deceive Death to let the ruler and the king’s little girl live. The man sees his destiny as inauspicious to be sure, no play on words expected, yet the story is generally fitting as one that the Brothers Grimm’s retelling (Grimm 233). Maybe the point that can be removed from the fantasy is that an individual needs to acknowledge the way that demise is inescapable and benefit as much as possible from their allocated time given during a person’s life. I accept the contemporary saying of â€Å"life is short, benefit as much as possible from it† is fitting. A similar message was being contemplated at that point is as yet think about an unavoidable subject, regardless of how bleak. Passing is an immortal, unavoidable issue that in the end all must face. This story just attempts to place it in context by implication. The peruser of Godfather Death is headed to consider exactly how valuable life is by considering what’s coming toward the end. Works Cited Grimm, Jacob. Grimm’s Complete Fairy Tales. Raleigh: Sweetwater, 2012. Print.. CBSNews. â€Å"The Cost of Dying. † CBSNews, December 3, 2010. Web. http://www. cbsnews. com/8301-18560_162-5711689. html.

What Is Meant by Employer Militancy Essay Example

What Is Meant by Employer Militancy? Paper MGTS2607 Essay What is implied by boss militancy? How have boss activities towards worker's organizations changed since the finish of the 1980’s? Why have Australian bosses embraced this difference in approach? Understudy: Samantha Freeman Student Number: 41022715 Tutor: Dr Tom Bramble Due Date: sixteenth September 2008 WORD COUNT: 1,900 This article will respond to the three exposition addresses set forward. Right off the bat, it will quickly clarify what is implied by manager militancy. It will plot the primary highlights of the forceful methodology embraced by managers in their relations with worker's organizations since the 1980’s. Besides, this paper will portray the adjustments in manager activities towards associations. It will layout the various stages that have happened during the change just as talking about patterns which outline the developing inclination of managers to either stand up to or abstain from managing associations or bypass managing them totally. In conclusion, this paper will advance reasons with respect to why Australian businesses have attempted this difference in approach. It will plot different variables, for example, prudent, political and changes in enactment that will assist with clarifying this adjustment in approach. This paper will likewise join the decrease in worker's guild inclusion as both an outcome and a reason for this adjustment in approach. Since the 1980s, Australian managers have gotten progressively antagonistic towards worker's guilds over and due their apparent unnecessary association in expecting business conditions, discretion and questions. We will compose a custom exposition test on What Is Meant by Employer Militancy? explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on What Is Meant by Employer Militancy? explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on What Is Meant by Employer Militancy? explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer This has made the wonder that’s been named manager militancy. Alexander et al. (2008:97) characterize manager militancy as ‘willingness of bosses to utilize legitimate activity to make sure about correctional harms against an exchange union’. It is a forceful enemy of association approach, in which businesses effectively looking for approaches to underestimate worker's guilds, with the assistance of their boss association. There are a few principle highlights of an aggressor manager, behavours, for example, hostile lockout (Briggs, 2004:110) expects to decrease the dealing intensity of the associations. The greater part of the heaviset affecting changes to the mechanical relations framework started to show in the late 1980’s. The procedure began with the ‘managed de-centralisation’ of the ‘second level system’, where just because, portrayal for representatives concerning their wages and states of work had the option to be haggled legitimately by managers and their affiliations and associations (McDonald and Rimmer, 1989 as refered to by Cooper, 2005: 159). Before the 1990s, grants were a focal and recognizing highlight of work guideline in Australia (Bray et al, 2006:45). Grants were actually a type of state guideline which was controlled by the choice of an outsider mediator designated by the administration (the Australian Industrial Relations Commission) in settling debates between enlisted associations. As Bray and Waring (2006) clarify, grants were from a practical perspective, the consequence of a perplexing structure of joint dynamic wherein workers, their associations, businesses, their bosses affiliations, governments and courts added to the guideline of business conditions †essentially wages and compensation rates. The disappointment of the Second Tier to direct macroeconomic weights in blend with the rising weight from business gatherings, for example, the Business Council of Australia energized parties inside the framework to grow new methods. The most critical among the new methods was the chance of a progressively decentralized framework (Wooden and Sloan, 1998:178) which gave more prominent chances to managers and laborers to haggle straightforwardly over wages at the venture and working environment level, without the associations. The AIRC was discontent with the new aggregate haggling guideline, and endeavored to block its execution. It was through these activities that the adjustments in the Industrial Relations Act 1988 were first made. These revisions decreased the capacity of the Commission to get engaged with the endeavor bartering process, and definitely lead to the death of the Industrial Relations Reform Act in 1993. These ammendents included, in addition to other things, the presentation of a non-association/aggregate haggling framework as Enterprise Flexibility Agreements. The goal of the 1993 Industrial Relations Reform Act, for instance, was to make venture haggling the primary procedure for deciding wages and different onditions of work. Grants kept on giving successful guideline to workers who were loathing the advantages of big business dealing, regardless of whether grant compensation rose gradually and fell well behind pay increments in big business understandings (Bray and so forth al, 2006). The Business Council of Australia’s solid help for big business haggling and for a debilitated jo b for mediation courts step by step turned into the standard situation among most Australian bosses, even among the individuals who had recently bolstered concentrated bartering (Thornthwaite and Sheldon, 1996). This was the first run through ever, in which the associations were rejected from having any contribution in all types of understanding in relations to work conditions in the government locale. It was at the hour of this presentation that it became clear that these understandings would permit businesses to start to de-unionize their activities and to quicken their move towards a non-association status. The most radical mechanical relations changes of the previous 20 or so years was acquired not long after the appointment of the Howard government in 1996. While talking at a Young Liberals’ Conference he suggested his objective of de-concentrating Australian business relations. ‘The objectives of important changes, more occupations and better, higher wages, can't be accomplished except if the association imposing business model over the bartering forms in our modern relations framework is dismantled’ (Howard 1996, cited in van Barneveld Nassif, 2003). Not long after this, the Howard government was chosen into power. Not long after the administration was brought into position, The Workplace Relations Act 1996 was presented. This Act cut back the substance of grants altogether. This wound up compelling the associations to approach attempting to secure workers’ qualifications by endeavoring to push grant specifications into big business understandings. (Cooper, 2005: 160). The demonstration definitely cut off the capacity of the Australian Industrial Relations Commission (AIRC) to intercede in mechanical debates and presented rather substantial fines for associations endeavoring ‘unprotected’ activity, for example, strikes. The Act likewise presented singular Australian Workplace Agreements (AWAs) which prohibited associations. Cooper, 2005: 160) With the usage of the new Workplace Relations Act 1996, Australian associations lost their syndication dealing rights (Bray and Walsh, 1998: 373). This, among different changes in the Act made it significantly progressively hard for the associations to get to or to speak to laborers, however it made it simpler for businesses to pick whether, a nd to what degree, they would arrange and deal with aggregate delegates of their workers. Alongside changes to mechanical enactment, associations have likewise reserved their option to get to work environments, individuals and non-individuals confined. Since 1996 association authorities have had right of access just when they had patrons at a site and afterward just when they gave managers notice of their aim to visit. As laid out by Wooden and Sloan (1998), the quantity of enlisted understandings has kept on expanding since 1991 when formalized aggregate understandings originally got conceivable. Between October 1991 and October 1997, around 15,000 government understandings had been formalized by the Australian Industrial Relations Commission, with the quantity of workers evaluated to be secured by these understandings arriving at 1. 4 million by late 1996, or 64 percent of workers inside the inclusion of the government grants framework. In 2004 the Howard government won an expanded dominant part in the House of Representatives just as full oversight in the Senate. Not long subsequently, the WorkChoices bill was passed. This new demonstration further diminished the intensity of the AIRC just as weakening the measures against which working environment understandings were to be contrasted with before turning out to be into impact. It likewise aided the formation of individual representative agreements and nullified the unjustifiable excusal insurance for any business that had under 100 representatives working for them. WorkChoices limited unions’ capacity to make mechanical move just as having the option to authorize aggregate bartering. It additionally made sorting out any non-association worksites fundamentally more troublesome than in had been in earlier years. At the point when WorkChoices was executed, the procedure for associations in making legitimate mechanical move got troublesome, expensive and had the capability of making the two associations and their individuals powerless to huge fines and tort harms. Conversely, because of WorkChoices, boss access to ensured lock-outs is practically boundless. Under WorkChoices there was no prerequisite for bosses to make any strides whatsoever to haggle with an association, paying little heed to the level of their representatives who were either patrons, or had communicated their desire to go into an association aggregate concurrence with their manager. This new enactment enabled businesses to minimize associations, keep away from unionization too a

6 Signs Someone Knows Your Password and What to Do About It

6 Signs Someone Knows Your Password and What to Do About It Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!6 Signs Someone Knows Your Password and What to Do About ItUpdated On 19/02/2020Author : Ram kumarTopic : SecurityShort URL : https://hbb.me/2sI5Tdw CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogHaving a password stolen is often a nightmare. Most don’t realize what’s happened until it’s too late. Hackers don’t want people to know that they’ve gotten hold of their credentials. So they usually stay as quiet and discreet as possible. Otherwise, their antics may get cut short before they could wreak some real damage or really profit off their malicious endeavors.But there are ways to see whether some stranger has stolen your password and is now using the associated account or device.6 Signs Your Password Could Have Been StolenHere are six signs that something’s not quite right, and that it might be time to change that password.1. A Data Breach Has HappenedIf there’s been a data breach at a company you use, then likely someone compromised their data. Even if it didn’t happen, it’s still better to assume the worst and take action accordingly.2. Breached Accounts Show Up on HaveIBeenPwnedChecking HaveIBeenPwned is a reliable method of seeing whether someone could have stolen passwords of your accounts. Of course, it will only show the accounts (and thus passwords) associated with the email address that you type in. So make sure to test all your email addresses.3. Unusual Credit Card ActivityIf someone steals the passwords of accounts that store credit card information, then it’s likely they will use your credit card sooner or later. Regularly go through credit card statements and be on the lookout for unexpected charges â€" especially small ones.4. Verification EmailsA lot of services send emails to make sure that someone meant to make changes to their accounts. Any unsolicited emails that want to verify a new password or account changes are a de finite sign of a stolen password.5. The Password Doesn’t Work AnymoreIt is a pretty solid sign that someone’s stolen your password and has since changed it to a new one.6. Strange Account Login HistorySome online accounts, such as Facebook, have a login history. It shows which devices have logged in recently, when, and where. Any unfamiliar times, locations, or devices mean someone else has the password of your account.Someone Knows Your Password? Here’s What To DoHere’s a list of step by step instructions on what to do if someone gets your password. Some of these suggestions also work well as preventative measures. They make sure no damage happens in the first place.1. Instantly Change the PasswordIt might seem obvious but still needs to be said. Change the password, even if the threat is still only speculation. If you wait to make sure and do nothing, you can get locked out of your account. So changing the password before hackers can do the same is one way to avoid loss of data or the account altogether.READHOW TO: Delete Undeletable Files Easily2. Contact the Service ProviderIf the hacker has already changed the password, then you need to notify the relevant company. Either send them an email explaining the situation or call them, if possible.  Of course, if it’s an email account that’s been breached, then that makes things a little harder. It might take some time to get through this process. But it is a crucial step in gaining back control of the account.3. Set up Two-Factor AuthenticationNext, set up two-factor authentication so that cybercriminals can’t take over your account again. This way, even if the hacker somehow gets access to the new password, they still can’t get in.Two-factor authentication involves setting up a secondary verification method. It is usually either a security question or an auto-generated one time pin (OTP) upon login request. If the attacker doesn’t know the answer or doesn’t have access to the device you get the OTP on, then they can’t get in.4. Install a Password ManagerPassword managers have become a necessity, thanks to the sheer number of accounts people have these days. While most know better, password reuse is still rampant. It often puts many accounts at risk when someone steals a single password.  Password managers are a reliable solution to this problem. The user only needs to remember one master password. Obviously, though, it’s essential to make sure that one password is safe at all times.People who use Chrome, especially, need a Chrome password manager. Because Chrome’s in-built password saving option isn’t the best way to remember passwords, nor is it the safest way to protect them. Most password managers can do a better job than Chrome. They enable encryption methods to make sure the data you store on a password manager is secure.The Bottom LineTake preventive measures to keep your accounts safe. Be on the lookout for possible signs that someone knows your passwor d. Act right away if you find out someone does.The idea of someone else having access to your accounts can be scary. But so long as you are attentive and act quickly, it shouldn’t be a big problem.

Evolution Of Womens Rights - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1031 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Women Rights Essay Did you like this example? Basic human rights are free, and must be granted to everyone by law. Rights like these include all exclusion from slavery, discrimination, torture, and more. Men and women are to be treated fairly, and everyone possesses the right to vote. However, life has not always been this way. Nearly seventy years ago, fundamental human rights were made and set equal for men and women alike. In ancient history, women were treated like objects and divorced easily for small problems or mistakes. If the wife had produced no offspring, the husband may have remarried if he wished. The only consequence the male would face would be to return her property, and, under certain circumstances, to pay her a fine. Women had no say in the divorce, and were often treated like slaves. The role of a woman in ancient times was simple; she was to look after the home and provide care to her family. Upper Class women studied literature, but this was not seen very often. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Evolution Of Womens Rights" essay for you Create order In the 16th and 17th centuries, women were commonly accused of witchcraft. At this point in time, women were often viewed as disgusting and sneaky, but slightly seductive. Thousands of executions were taking place at this time, 95% of which were women. On top of this, men dictated a large portion of the womens lives, including their personal properties and the grounds of divorce. Even the children belonged to the husband, instead of the wife. Rape was legal within marriage as well. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the idea of womens equal rights became more popular. Later into the 18th century, political debates hotly discussed womans suffrage and whether or not it was to be put into play. However, it seemed as though the popular idea was that women were simply inferior to men, and the idea of granting equal rights was just unnecessary. This was the case until several pieces of literature were released that expressed the importance of equality for men and women around the 1790s. One of these pieces argued that the reason women could not perform and function the way that people desired was because they were not raised and educated sufficiently to complete the job. Writers like Catharine Macaulay and Damaris Cudworth argued that women have more potential because they were rational humans with morals, just like everyone else. Seeing the immoral aspect of gender-oppressive daily life, many people began to question whether or not what they were doing to women was evil. Many of these people tried to make changes and differences in the way that certain things were done, such as replacing the phrase man to person, but were laughed at and made fun of, because their opinions and ideas were different and uncommon at the time. The stance on women voting was very strictly prohibited since the Reform Act of 1832, until 1918, when a bill was passed which allowed women to vote if they were over thirty years of age. The cause of this bill was the campaigns that were led and the constant push by women for their suffrage. Nonviolent protests took place all the time. Women led marches and stood up for themselves to defend their rights. While they caused no physical damage, the result was rather catastrophic. Many of the protestors were brutally attacked by onlookers. They were spit on, and several objects were thrown at them. Beauty standards were also pointed out, and the protesters showed the public how women could easily be compared to cattle. One of the protests was called the ?Bra Burning Miss America Protest. In this event, women publicly threw away beauty products like high heels and makeup, as well as their bras. It is rumored that the trash can was set on fire, thus creating the name of this event. However, it may have been a flame-free protest. Later into the 1900s, women finally began to see a substantial breakthrough in what rights they were granted. The 19th amendment, passed June 14, 1919 and ratified August 18, 1920, allowed women to vote. The amendment finally put an end to almost a centurys worth of protest. On top of their right to vote, women received more basic human rights and were treated less like animals and more like moral human beings. They were allowed to buy their own property and make their own decisions. More strict laws were put into place regarding divorce and the legal agreements that follow, and the aftermath of rape trials. Today, in 2018, women have the same rights as men and are able to work where they please, and they are not judged quite as harshly if they decide to work in a mans typical field of work or not at all. Many people argue that women are still not completely treated equally and that their paychecks are not balanced the same. There are also many theories that womens products and mens products that are the same but made in different colors, blue and pink, are priced differently, based solely on the sex it was designed for instead of the products function. Whether or not the treatment of men and women is completely fair, it is safe to say that the rights that women possess have come a very long way since the ancient times and have progressed steadily since. In all, evolution of womens rights has been prominent all around the world since the early times. It started as men having full control over women and, as a result, women having no say in certain things like their properties, divorce, or children. Women were often seen as witches and executed with little to no evidence. Men could easily get away with raping women and leaving them freely unless they produced offspring. They were not allowed to vote, and their sole purpose was to take care of the house and the family After continuous protests, women finally gained the right to vote, and were treated like humans with morals. Today, women have regular jobs and can do as they wish. Nobody has control over a womans body except for herself. As these changes continue, women will continue to obtain more and more freedom and rights and will eventually be 100% oppression-free.

Stress Management - 3995 Words

TOPIC AT A GLANCE Topic Name: Managing Stress at Work Managing an over worked and stressed human resource have become a challenging and ever difficult task for today s managers. With a view to utilize the available human resource thus minimizing costs and maximizing profits, today both managers and their subordinates have to coop with work related stress. This stress if it goes to certain extent without being controlled can affect the person s family/social life, health, performance etc and changes the employee s whole attitude towards work- frustrating, demotivating and frightening him/her which in the long run damages the organization and the employee both. This paper will briefly examine the various stress-management†¦show more content†¦7. Career Development a) Status conflicts b) Obsolescence of skill c) Mid-career stage Consequences of Stress 1. On the Individual: a. Physical Aliments e.g. headache, insomnia and heart problems b. Mental e.g. anxiety, lack of clear thinking, loneliness c. Behavioral e.g. excessive smoking, drinking, withdrawal from relationships 2. On the Organization: Low productivity, poor quality, absenteeism, low job satisfaction, accident proneness and poor interpersonal communication. Indian Methods of managing Stress Indian philosophy consisting of Upanishadas, Vedanta, etc, is very helpful in winning stress. Dr. Satish Chandra Pandey (8m Journal, JIMS April-June 1997) has given some valid points on managing stress, some of which are as follows- 1. Develop training programs for executives and other staff members for their total personality development based on Indian values, so that they can develop their own strategies for coping with their organizational environment/stressors. 2. Each organization must develop its own management philosophy based on Indian values and educate its employees about that philosophy to motivate them for achieving excellence in different areas. 3. Organizations must know that reducing organizational stress is as important as motivating employees. Both the process is complementary to each other: they are not replacements. Stress Management Techniques There are numerous techniques that experts recommend for relieving theShow MoreRelatedStress And The Stress Management1474 Words   |  6 PagesThe definition of Stress, its history and how to manage Stress is a daily conversation word as the world is becoming more challenging and difficult to live. It is very important to understand, and know how to manage it on a daily basis especially on our workplace. This essay will be broken into four parts firstly it is going to discuss about the contrast and similarity in the definition of stress between Engineering and Selye’s approach. Then it is going to critically evaluate the General AdaptationRead MoreHow Stress And Stress Management1319 Words   |  6 Pagesin which we have studied during the weeks of nine through eleven. 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Stress is reported to cost employers US$120Read MoreEssay on Stress and Stress Management1494 Words   |  6 Pages Stress and stress management: What is stress and how to manage it ? Stress is defined as a force that tends to strain or deform (b) mental emotional or physical tension, strain or distress-(v) to put emphasis on (c ) to subject to strain or pressure. Stress is a unwanted feeling of emotions and physiological arousal that some experience in certain situations. Stress can mean different things to various people. People have said; â€Å"That stress can causeRead MoreA Short Note On Stress Management And Stress Essay998 Words   |  4 PagesStania Tavil Dr. Diane D. Ashe Psychology 2012 October 15, 2016 Stress Management In everyday life, people have to deal with some good moments and some difficulties. They can be helpful and also destructive. 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Sonnys Blues Essay - 989 Words

In James Baldwins, Sonnys Blues, the title itself is symbolic of the blues in the matrix of the African-American culture of music and suffering. To understand the significance of the blues, one must first define the blues, where the blues originated, and how it is related to suffering and how it is communicated in music. The American Heritage Dictionary defines blues as (1) a state of depression or melancholy, and (2) a style of jazz evolved from southern American Negro secular songs. It is also inclusive of pensive reflection and contemplation which is descriptive of Baldwins writing of Sonnys Blues. It is very difficult to determine the exact origin of the blues. Although its earliest roots evolved from West Africa, the†¦show more content†¦The narrators struggles are not only can he not leave Harlem but of the struggle and promise he made to his mother to take care of Sonny - not let him fall. I was sitting in the living room in the dark, by myself, and I suddenly thought of Sonny. My trouble made his real. (238) Sonnys suffering is his enduring need to get out of Harlem, the need to be heard, his need for his brother to understand him musically and emotionally, and the overpowering need to liberate himself of the poison - heroin. Sonny says, It can come again. Baldwin, again, emphasizes to the reader, the acknowledgment of suffering of the African-American in the observance of the revival meeting, which begins to reconcile the narrator and Sonny, in their conflicting definition of suffering. As they watch through the window, Sonny recognizes how much suffering the woman had to experience. ...listening to that woman sing, it struck me all of a sudden how much suffering she must have had to go through - to sing like that. Its repulsive to think you have to suffer that much. The narrator responds, But theres no way not to suffer, is there, Sonny? (241) Sonny doesnt believe you should just sit back and take the suffering, it was important to Sonny that there be meaning to suffering. Sonny tells the narrator what kind of musician he wants to be. When the narrator isShow MoreRelatedSonnys Blues1514 Words   |  7 PagesHow does Baldwins real-life experience connect to his short story, Sonnys Blues? The writer was a poor boy growing up. He was also a Negro, so things were bad for him and his family in white America. He probably felt sad every day of his childhood so he turned to books for entertainment and maybe escape. 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The essential and gradual progression of â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† symbolizes the measured adaptation of the narrators perceptionRead More Comparing the Blues in Hughes The Blues Im Playing and Baldwins Sonnys Blues625 Words   |  3 Pages The Blues: in Hughes The Blues Im Playing and Baldwins Sonnys Bluesnbsp;nbsp; In Langston Hughes The Blues Im Playing, the blues are the source of Oceolas life and her choices. Langston is trying to illustrate the conflict between life and art. The art in this story is represented in a confined manner, as a disciplined career with a white woman acting as the overseer in the young ladys life. Art to Oceola, with its profit, convenience and privileges offers an array of benefits, butRead MoreSonnys Blues by James Baldwin Essay775 Words   |  4 PagesSonnys Blues If you were not able to talk to anyone, nor did people want to listen to what you have to say, would that affect you? 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Sonny’s Blues has been analyzed by many different people throughout time because the story has many elements. From Baldwinà ¢â‚¬â„¢s skillful use of metaphors and similes to his incorporation of religious references, this storyRead MoreDrugs and Musicians in â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† by James Baldwin Essay840 Words   |  4 PagesWhen first reading â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† by James Baldwin, it may initially seem that the relationship between musicians and drugs is synonymous. Public opinion suggests that musicians and drugs go hand and hand. The possibility lies that Sonny’s passion for jazz music is the underlying reason for his drug use, or even the world of jazz music itself brought drugs into Sonny’s life. The last statement is what the narrator believes to be true. However, by delving deeper and examining the theme of music in

Alien nation an interview with the playwright Essay Example For Students

Alien nation: an interview with the playwright Essay No, its not. Well, not really. I think it has more to do with greatness and costume, actually. You could look at Lincoln and see him as the sum of his outfit. You know, his beard (actually he had lots of different kinds of beards) and his hat, coat, vest and shoes. What inspired you to write this play? I wanted to write about a hole. You can riff on that word, you can think about that word and what it means and where it takes you (or where it took me, anyway). You think of h-o-l-e and then w-h-o-l-e and then black hole, and then you think of time and space, and when you think of time and space you think of history, and suddenly all these things are swirling around and things start attaching themselves to each other and suddently you have two characters sitting in a hole digging and a guy who looks like Abraham Lincoln appears. And, Wow, thats interesting. What is the significance of the John Locke quote? Putting it at the beginning of the play and also in the program notes may encourage people to think about the idea of America in addition to the actual day-to-day reality of America. In the beginning all the world was America. All the world was an uncharted place, a blank slate, and since that beginning everyones been filling it with tshatshkes, which we who come next receive and must do something with. In an interview a few years ago you said that people not from the dominant culture are the people who can challenge the form of things Well, everybody can. There are people who challenge the form who are trying to make a splash, you know. And if you want to be weird, I suppose thats one reason to do things that are nontraditional. But if you feel that the traditional shape of things doesnt accommodate what you are doing, then its a more organic and natural process. Suddenly you find yourself doing something else. So yeah, a person from a nondominant whatevera person like memight realize that more quickly. But theres a tradition of white guyswhite, weird, cool, straight guysdoing that. Like Sam Shepards early stuff. Obviously the well-made play wasnt suiting him at all. Do you think the same thing is true if you look at history, as you do in this play, that youre going to maybe look at it differently If youre from If youre from a nondominant If youre from Mars? I think thats the word we should use, Mars. Capital MARS or maybe a lowercase m to stand for that thing. The other. The alien. I take issue with history because it doesnt serve meit doesnt serve me because there isnt enough of it. In this play, I am simply asking, Where is history?, because I dont see it. I dont see any history out there, so Ive made some up. Well, in the play its a theme park. Right, its a theme park and the characters pass by and they wave. Thats what it is to me. I can get more out of history if I joke with it than if I shake my finger at it and stomp my feet. The approach you take toward your subject really determines what youre going to get. So I say to history, Anything you want. Its okay, you can laugh. Do you see any kind of change in your playwriting since you started? Yeah, yeah. The subjects have changed. But there are some things that are similar. I tend to still be interested in musical forms because they offer greater, infinite, incredible possibilitieswhereas traditional dramatic forms are not as interesting. Or, to say it a different way, traditional dramatic forms are, I think, more interesting when they are informed by music. Thats what Ive been interested in for years. This is my 11th year writing plays.. .u4079ec0e7ed5bfa9969ee286e74bad8e , .u4079ec0e7ed5bfa9969ee286e74bad8e .postImageUrl , .u4079ec0e7ed5bfa9969ee286e74bad8e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4079ec0e7ed5bfa9969ee286e74bad8e , .u4079ec0e7ed5bfa9969ee286e74bad8e:hover , .u4079ec0e7ed5bfa9969ee286e74bad8e:visited , .u4079ec0e7ed5bfa9969ee286e74bad8e:active { border:0!important; } .u4079ec0e7ed5bfa9969ee286e74bad8e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4079ec0e7ed5bfa9969ee286e74bad8e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4079ec0e7ed5bfa9969ee286e74bad8e:active , .u4079ec0e7ed5bfa9969ee286e74bad8e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4079ec0e7ed5bfa9969ee286e74bad8e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4079ec0e7ed5bfa9969ee286e74bad8e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4079ec0e7ed5bfa9969ee286e74bad8e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4079ec0e7ed5bfa9969ee286e74bad8e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4079ec0e7ed5bfa9969ee286e74bad8e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4079ec0e7ed5bfa9969ee286e74bad8e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4079ec0e7ed5bfa9969ee286e74bad8e .u4079ec0e7ed5bfa9969ee286e74bad8e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4079ec0e7ed5bfa9969ee286e74bad8e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Presented in the play EssayAnd youre how old? Im old enough to be writing plays. But I think Ive gotten better. And I still like putting footnotes on plays. I associate footnotes with a kind of academic writing. But I love them, theyre so great! Its not like, so youll understand this play you have to read this line. Most of them are totally made up and ridiculous. One of them talks about some of the Foundling Fathers unpublished works. One of them talks about what Mary Todd might have said on the night her husband died. Its playing, again, with the form and the idea of a footnote. But you havent asked me about those extra character names in the text. You did that on purpose? The word pause does not equal LINCOLN. BOOTH. LINCOLN. BOOTH. It doesnt. Imagine, you go down the page and you read LINCOLN. BOOTH. LINCOLN. BOOTH. LINCOLN. BOOTH. LINCOLN. BOOTH. Thus to the tyrants. Its very different if you read Long Pause. Thus to the tyrants. Long pausewhat is that? Its garbage, you know what I mean? So whats the difference between a Rest and seeing the characters name? Well, Rest is actually a great word. Its musical. And having the word rest over and over and over to indicate every single place where the character takes a little break in between paragraphs of speech is perfect. See, the words I write down on the page are the words that I want you to take inside your head. Every word you put in a play should be like this guy (picking up a volume of Joyce). Playwrights should get tough and write literature instead of just writing a show. You shouldnt just plop some language together and get people to cry. It should be literature, a show and some sort of historical documentwhich is what a play is. Why not do all three?

One, Two, Three... Selfie! free essay sample

What do celebrities, athletes, politicians and even speakers have in common? They all have, at one time or another, participated in a wildly hip, fun, technological craze that has everyone saying one, two, three – SELFIE! In today’s hyper-competitive world, everyone is competing for the same thing – ATTENTION! People are trying to rise above all the noise and clutter to be noticed. And although self-portraits, â€Å"selfies† have been around since the 1800s, this growing trend of 93 million selfies taken per day has created a daily conversation buzz and we love it. We got some positive points about selfies too, like Selfies encourage creative strength. The purpose of the selfie is to capture the essence of a memorable connection. And, Selfies provide great self-promotion. Today, your social media presence is just as important as your stage presence A selfie is your headshot re-invented! Scared, huh? Don’t be! The real YOU is what others want to see. We will write a custom essay sample on One, Two, Three Selfie! or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Moreover, Selfies are an excellent strategy for trainers and coaches, too. They can actually become one of the most effective training techniques to help inspire, motivate, challenge and encourage individuals across numerous industries. The days of traditional role playing in front of others have now been replaced with selfie videos. Teaching the users to record themselves role playing on their own time in a more composed environment, then submitting the video for feedback, has become a comfortable process. The results? Individuals are improving and companies are extremely happy with the successful outcomes Ultimately, people buy from those they like, connect and trust. Selfies can help strengthen those factors. So, just be YOU with this enthusiastic and fun phenomenal approach because it’s not just a selfie anymore! Now, get out there and take a selfie! You WILL get noticed!

Electrophoresis Separation of Proteins Cytochrome C Myoglobin Hemoglobin and Serum Albumin by Using Isoelectric Focusing System IEF essays

Electrophoresis Separation of Proteins Cytochrome C Myoglobin Hemoglobin and Serum Albumin by Using Isoelectric Focusing System IEF essays Electrophoresis Separation of Proteins Cytochrome C, Myoglobin, Hemoglobin, and Serum Albumin by Using Isoelectric Focusing System (IEF) Proteins are composed of amino acids. All amino acids are amphoteric molecules consisting of three types of amino acids: neutral, acidic, and basic. Thus, for any protein there is a characteristic pH, called the isoelectric point (pI), at which the protein has no net charge and therefore will not move in the electric field. Electrophoresis takes advantage of this characteristic. Proteins are electrophoreased, and the most negatively charged protein moves closest to the cathode, and the most positively charged protein moves closest to the anode. Cytochrome C was expected to move closest to the cathode, and serum albumin was expected to move closest to the anode. Only cytochrome C was expected to move to the cathode. The other three proteins were expected to move toward anode. The purpose of electrophoresis was to see how a difference in pI makes a difference in the electrophoretic mobility of protein. Four proteins were electrophoreased by using the Tris-Glysin buffer of pH 8.6 and a horizontal agarose gel 1.1 % in isoelectric focusing (IEF) at a voltage of 175 V and at a current of 79 mA. The agarose gel was made by mixing 0.18g of agarose in 1.5ml of Tris-Glysin buffer with a pH of 8.6. That is 100 % * 0.18 (0.18 + 15) = 1.1% of agarose gel. 15 ƒÊl of each protein sample was loaded into each sample application well on the agarose gel without mixing with glycerol solution. After the agarose gels were placed on the stage of the electrophoresis chamber, Tris-Glysin buffer of pH 8.6 was filled in the electrophoresis chamber carefully until the agarose gels were slightly covered with the buffer. Four proteins had electrophoreased for about 50 minutes. The agarose gels were removed from the electrophoresis chamber and stained overnight with the Coomassie Blue to visualize proteins in the agarose gel....

Joseph Heler Cheese Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Joseph Heler Cheese - Essay Example The company’s market dominance is explained in terms of the multiple advantages, managerial competence, market forces among many other positive determinants that operate within the food and beverages industry. Strategic expansion and diversification have helped the company overcome difficult operational conditions in its various market segments. Part of the forces that attended to the company’s transformation from a relatively small company to one of the leading players in the cheese production industry include the diversification of its range of products and the adoption of policies that helped spur progress in many of its undertakings (Joseph Heler, 2013). Competition from other companies within the industry is one of the threats that have affected the company’s performance over the years. Other threats include macroeconomic factors such as unpredictable economic situations, changing preferences by the local and global clientele and other issues that attend to the performance of big businesses in the United Kingdom and around the world. Despite the challenges that have slowed the growth of the company, Joseph Heler remains a leading force within the cheese production industry with strategic processes that relate to the diversification of the product range and partnership with a leading food production company. Financial statements indicate past and current consistency in steady progress, which suggest strong possibilities of further growth in the future. Introduction Currently Joseph Heler is ranked as the fifth largest cheese producers in UK (Joseph-Heler, 2013). The growth was a culmination of previous strategies, which included reaching out to new market segments and expanding the company’s revenue flows throughout the world. The same statistics indicated that the company had achieved significant improvement in terms of its annual total revenue. The company has maintained an impressive lead in the cheese production sector in Bri tain to levels that have enhanced its profitability and expansion in processes. Currently, the company employs nearly thousands of workers distributed in its retail stores and firms throughout the world. According to analysts, Joseph Heler’s growth on the market is partly a product of the leadership of the current founder and current chair Joseph Heler. The chair has presided over the expansion of the product lines to levels that contributed significantly to the growth in the revenue bases (Joseph Heler, 2013). The company has developed strategies that include the development of various outlets within areas that were previously dominated by competitors. The consistent growth of the company over the times has been made possible by a range of strategies that included the development of various cost-cutting measures and the opening up of increased avenues for revenue flow. Background Since its formation in 1957, Joseph Heler Cheese Company has maintained a remarkable lead in Bri tain’s cheese production through strategic expansion, effective marketing strategies, and the supply of high quality products. Joseph Heler formed Joseph Heler Chee

Status and the norms and values of Hipsters Research Paper

Status and the norms and values of Hipsters - Research Paper Example Research questions i) Is subculture still relevant in the society of today? ii) How does subculture existence in the society help in society building? iii) Is the subculture today the same as it was in the yester years? iv) Do people still identify with the subcultures? v) Why would the society still need subcultures? Research hypothesis HO: Subculture is still very relevant to the society of today and its role cannot be overlooked. HA: Subculture is not relevant to the society today and its role can be overlooked Literature review In each and every society there exists a subculture to which different people belong to. A subculture can be categorized as a group of individuals that share similar unique behavior and beliefs which make them unique. This groups allow for people to congregate and share very many things under the guidance of set principles and norms. Their beliefs and behaviours are guided by a certain code to which they tow and adhere to. Share of so much in common within a subculture only serves to foster peace and unity as well as love and understanding within the subculture members. Subcultures also give people a sense of identity and belonging as individuals from a certain subculture can identify themselves with subculture to which they belong. ... Although crucial to the existence of the people, it cannot be ignored that the existence of subcultures also comes along with its challenges which range from tribalism, ethnocentrism, stereotyping, narrow mindedness, hatred and a wide range of many other negative prejudice. Therefore in identifying with this groups and choosing what subculture to belong to or identify with, careful consideration needs to be taken so that the need to identify with a group does not bring about unfair judgement and discrimination amongst people that have existed so peacefully before. An individual can belong to several subcultures and it can allow them to identify with these cultures but it should also serve as an opportunity to foster messages of peace and unity amongst a given set of friends, community, society, nation, continent and even the entire world at large. I am a member of XXXX course at YYYY School. We are a total of 200 students currently attending this program which constitutes a subcultur e. This is because we share the same goal and adhere to several common rules which are supposed to guide our behaviours in pursuit of the same goal, which is to be excellent professionals in the field we have chosen to undertake. The set standards aply to all over us like for instance the course is supposed to take a 4 year period during which we are expected to have class sessions that is supposed to strictly be attended to. During the period we are also anticipated to be taking regularly at certain fixed intervals as well as assignment and term papers with an aim of assessing our understanding and progress during the entire period of the program undertaken. The program also has helped us the students of

The effect of the Internet on ordinary Media Essay Example for Free

The effect of the Internet on ordinary Media Essay After 20 years, to see how it has affected the usual ways of getting information, the study has been set up and was based on more than 3,000 interviews from adults aged 18 or older who had accessed the Internet in the past month. This research was conducted by 65 UK leading markets. More than 60 percent of the respondents to a survey chose the Internet for personal and special interest information needs, compared to 18 percent for magazines. When looking for work-related information, 48 percent of the respondents chose the Internet, and only 7 percent preferred magazines. The study also revealed that once consumers begin using the Web, they use it more frequently as their experience increases, and that these same users also tend to use traditional media sources significantly less. The research shows that exposure and experience with the Web is changing consumers fundamental attitude towards traditional media. In comparison with other media sources, we found that user control is a critical preference attribute of the Internet as a medium, providing individual control over content source, time of access, content depth and other parameters. The survey reveals that there is a fundamental shift in media consumption occurring, and traditional publishers will need to evolve as Web adoption and use increases. The first National Internet Study also examined the effect of Internet use on traditional media consumption. Almost 25 percent of online consumers indicated they watch television less often since they began using the Internet. Similar declines have also been reported in magazine reading: 20 percent, newspaper readership: 15 percent and radio listening: 9 percent. A small percentage of users consume traditional media more often radio: 11 percent, newspapers: 9 percent, magazines: 8 percent and TV/cable: 7 percent. The majority of online users stated they have not altered their traditional media consumption or they arent sure how it changed radio: 81 percent, newspapers: 75 percent, magazines: 72 percent and TV/cable: 70 percent. While the majority of online users report no change in their traditional media habits, the fact that substantial percentages of people report altered behaviour is evidence to the continuing evolution of consumer habits, said the president of the company on the Internet Research. In a relatively short period of time, Americans have adopted new ways of getting their news, doing their shopping and seeking entertainment. The appeal of online media will continue to grow as more American adults gain Internet access at home, at work or through portable devices. Nearly 25 percent of online users watch television less often since they began using the Internet. But 50 percent of Internet users report that a television is present in the same room as their computer. 91 percent with a TV in the same room where the Internet is used most often said they watched and surfed simultaneously. Over 25 percent of adults, aged 18 to 34, surf the Internet and always or often watch TV at the same time. With limited hours in a day, consumers seek out ways to maximise the value of their time. An opportunity exists for broadcast media who choose to offer more frequent programming that makes use of both the online environment as well as their traditional media.

Mexican Labor Unions and Economic Reforms Over the Past 20 Years Essay

Mexican Labor Unions and Economic Reforms Over the Past 20 Years INTRODUCTION: Since labor unions in Mexico were originally formed in the early 1900s, they have maintained a unique system of collaboration and collusion with the government of Mexico. Though many may refer to their system as one of â€Å"corruption,† it is a system that has become so deeply imbedded in the relationship between labor unions and the government, that it is now a well-understood unofficial network. Over the past 20 years in Mexico, a great deal of progress has been made toward the liberalization of the Mexican markets. Previously government-owned companies have been privatized, foreign investment has boomed, and a once one-party system has just recently produced its first democratically elected opposing party president. But how helpful have the labor unions been to this progress? Generally, labor unions would be one of a society’s greatest opponents to such things as privatization, causing many difficulties to the progress of the economy, however in the case of Mex ico, I contend that labor unions have, in fact, been a beneficial component to the progress. The unions have contributed through their collaboration with the government, their suppression of wages, their maintenance of a balanced governmental system, and their contributions to democracy. Though it cannot be claimed that all of their contributions to the economic development of the past 20 years in Mexico has been positive, it can be claimed that Mexico’s unique style of government-labor union coordination has acted in many unusually beneficial ways. LABOR UNION HISTORY: Up until 1931, no organized labor union had ever been recognized by the Mexican government. In fact, unde... ...rms in Latin America. Cambridge University Press: USA Mujica, Jorge Garcà ­a. (2002). Situacià ³n Econà ³mica y Prospectos. Resumen para la Sà ­ntesis Econà ³mica de Mà ©xico: La Ciudad de Mà ©xico. Otero, Rafael. (1999). Effects of Labor Unions on Regional Economic Development. Ph.D. Dessertation. The Universtiy of Texas-Pan American, Edinburg, TX. Otero, Rafael, and Josà © A. Pagan. (2001). Unions and Job Queuing in Mexico’s Maquiladoras. Working Paper. The University of Texas-Pan American, Edinburg, TX. Panagides, Alexis and Harry Anthony Patrinos. (1994). â€Å"Union-Nonunion Wage Differntials in the Developing World: A Case Study of Mexico.† The World Bank, Latin America and the Caribbean, Country Dept. Policy Research Working Paper 1269: Washington DC Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (1999). Corruption and Government. Cambridge University Press: USA

Introduction to Astronomy

AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy Final Exam (12/21/2007) Instructions A. B. Answer ALL questions on your Opscan, using a #2 pencil. Make sure to include your NAME and STUDENT ID. The computer identifies you by your student ID; do not forget to include it. C. D. E. Do NOT mark your date of birth. The exam is CLOSED BOOK. You should not use any books or notes. Time: 2 HOURS and 30 MINUTES. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) What is the ultimate fate of an isolated pulsar? A) As gravity overwhelms the neutron degeneracy pressure, it will explode as a supernova. B) It will spin ever faster, becoming a millisecond pulsar. C) The neutron degeneracy pressure will eventually overwhelm gravity and the pulsar will slowly evaporate. D) As gravity overwhelms the neutron degeneracy pressure, it will become a white dwarf. E) It will slow down, the magnetic field will weaken, and it will become invisible. 2) Which of the following statements about globular clusters is false? A) Globular cluster stars are very metal-poor relative to the Sun. B) Globular cluster stars are more than 12 billion years old. C) Globular clusters are distributed spherically around the Milky Way. D) Globular clusters contain many thousands of stars. E) Globular cluster ages increase with distance from the Milky Way. 3) Which of the following characteristics of stars has the greatest range in values? A) mass B) core temperature C) radius D) surface temperature E) luminosity 4) Which statement best describes the solar neutrino problem? A) Solar neutrinos have been detected, but in fewer numbers than predicted by theoretical models. B) No one understands how it can be possible for neutrinos to be produced in the Sun. C) Our current understanding of fusion in the Sun suggests that all neutrinos should be destroyed before they arrive at the earth, yet neutrinos are being detected. D) Theoretical models predict that neutrinos should be produced in the Sun, but no neutrinos have ever been observed to be coming from the Sun. 1 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy Refer to this scenario for the following questions: Final Lost in Spacetime. Just when you thought it was safe to take final exams . . . vindictive multi-dimensional being reaches down (up? over? through? ) to Earth and pulls you out of the universe. You are thrown back into the universe at a place of this being's choosing, and she permits you to leave only after you have identified your surroundings. You are subject to several of these tests. Through a scientifically unexplainable miracle, you are able to survive in every one of the places you are tested. (Le st you become too comfortable, however, you certainly are able to feel any associated pain due to high temperature, pressure, gravity, etc. In each case described below, identify your surroundings. In some cases, the surroundings described may exist only during eras of the universe (past or future) other than our own time; in those cases, you should identify both the place and the time where you are located. 5) It sure is bright everywhere; you've been able to travel around a bit, and it's clear that you are not in a star. Yet it is as bright as looking directly at the Sun. In your extensive travels through your current surroundings, you cannot find a single neutral atom anywhere, nor can you find a nucleus besides hydrogen or helium. And, while it is hot (a few thousand degrees Kelvin), it is nowhere near the temperature needed for nuclear fusion. Where are you? A) You are in the central regions of a quasar. B) You are in the universe more than 10100 years in the future. C) You are in the universe during its first 300,000 years. D) You are in an accretion disk around a supermassive black hole. E) You are where the Sun should be located, but about 5 billion years from now. 6) At last you are in a place where the heat and high density are no longer bothering you. However, although the density is very low, the gas around you is extremely high in temperature. In fact, the temperature is so high that it is emitting lots of X rays, which are creating cancer-causing mutations in your body at a rapid rate. Well, at least the view is great! There are no stars anywhere within about 10,000 light-years of you, but at slightly greater distances your sky is brightened by many beautiful, star-filled structures, some with majestic spiral shapes. Where are you? A) You are somewhere between the Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies in the Local Group. B) You are in intergalactic space within a rich cluster of thousands of galaxies. C) You are in the center of the Milky Way Galaxy, looking outward into the Local Group. D) You are in the outskirts of a galaxy whose nucleus is a powerful quasar. E) You are in the universe when it was about 200 million years old, just before galaxies began forming. 7) You are once again in a hot, dense place. You are surrounded by protons and neutrons, some rapidly fusing into helium. You notice that your surroundings are cooling (good, because it's really hot! ) and rapidly dropping in density. Within about 3 minutes, the fusion reactions stop. Where are you? A) You are in the center of a star much smaller than the Sun. B) You are inside a nuclear power plant on Earth. C) You are in the early universe during the era of nucleosynthesis. D) You are in the center of a massive star near the end of its life. E) You are in the center of a star very much like our Sun. 2 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy Final 8) Talk about cold, dark, and empty! As far as you look around you, there seems to be nothing at all. Even the nearest electron is light-years away. And, no matter how far you travel, you can find no solid matter, not even a single proton. You do, however, detect a few strong gravitational fields—probably due to black holes—at enormous distances away from you. Where are you? A) You are where the Sun should be located, but about 5 billion years from now. B) You are in the central regions of a quasar. C) You are in the outskirts of a young cluster of galaxies. D) You are in the universe when it is over about 1040 years old. 9) The light radiated from the Sun's surface reaches Earth in about 8 minutes, but the energy of that light was released by fusion in the solar core about A) a thousand years ago. B) a hundred years ago. C) ten years ago. D) one year ago. E) a million years ago. 10) From lowest energy to highest energy, which of the following correctly orders the different categories of electromagnetic radiation? A) gamma rays, X rays, visible light, ultraviolet, infrared, radio B) visible light, infrared, X rays, ultraviolet, gamma rays, radio C) radio, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X rays, gamma rays D) infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X rays, gamma rays, radio E) radio, X rays, visible light, ultraviolet, infrared, gamma rays 11) What is a possible solution to the solar neutrino problem? A) Not all fusion reactions create electron neutrinos. B) The Sun is generating much less energy than we think it is. C) The Sun is generating energy other than by nuclear fusion. D) The electron neutrinos created in the Sun change into another type of neutrino. E) We do not know how to detect electron neutrinos. 12) Newton's second law of motion tells us that the net force applied to an object equals its A) momentum times velocity. B) mass times velocity. C) energy times acceleration. D) mass times energy. E) mass times acceleration. 13) What happens when the gravity of a massive star is able to overcome neutron degeneracy pressure? A) The star explodes violently, leaving nothing behind. B) The core contracts and becomes a black hole. C) The core contracts and becomes a white dwarf. D) The core contracts and becomes a ball of neutrons. E) Gravity is not able to overcome neutron degeneracy pressure. 3 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 14) Radiative energy is A) heat energy. B) energy used in home radiators. C) energy of motion. D) energy from nuclear power plants. E) energy carried by light. 15) Most large galaxies in the universe are A) lenticular. B) irregular. 16) Compared to spiral galaxies, elliptical galaxies are A) redder and rounder. B) bluer and rounder. C) bluer and flattened. D) redder and flattened. E) always much smaller. 17) Approximately how long does it take the Sun to orbit the Milky Way Galaxy? A) 23,000 years B) 23 billion years C) 230,000 years D) 2. 3 million years E) 230 million years 18) Approximately how many stars does a dwarf elliptical galaxy have? A) less than a billion B) 10 billion C) 100 billion D) 1 trillion E) less than a million Final C) spiral. D) elliptical. 19) What is the ultimate fate of an isolated white dwarf? A) As gravity overwhelms the electron degeneracy pressure, it will explode as a supernova. B) The electron degeneracy pressure will eventually overwhelm gravity and the white dwarf will slowly evaporate. C) As gravity overwhelms the electron degeneracy pressure, it will become a neutron star. D) As gravity overwhelms the electron degeneracy pressure, it will explode as a nova. E) It will cool down and become a cold black dwarf. 20) What evidence supports the theory that elliptical galaxies come from denser clouds? A) Elliptical galaxies have denser stars than spiral galaxies. B) Elliptical galaxies at high redshifts lack young, blue stars. C) Elliptical galaxies have more gas than spiral galaxies. D) Elliptical galaxies are generally larger than spiral galaxies. E) Elliptical galaxies are denser than spiral galaxies. 21) Which of the following types of galaxies are most spherical in shape? A) lenticulars B) spirals C) irregulars D) ellipticals 4 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 22) Roughly how many stars are in the Milky Way Galaxy? A) 1 billion B) 100 trillion C) 100 million 23) White dwarfs are so called because A) it amplifies the contrast with red giants. B) they are both very hot and very small. C) they are supported by electron degeneracy pressure. D) they are the end-products of small, low-mass stars. E) they are the opposite of black holes. 24) Which of the following is evidence for supermassive black holes in active galaxies? A) quasars emit approximately equal power at all wavelengths from infrared to gamma rays B) rapid changes in the luminosity of the galaxy nucleus C) very high speed orbital motions around galactic nuclei D) the discovery of powerful jets coming from a compact core E) all of the above 25) What happens to the surface temperature and luminosity when a protostar radiatively contracts? A) Its surface temperature remains the same and its luminosity decreases. B) Its surface temperature and luminosity remain the same. C) Its surface temperature decreases and its luminosity increases. D) Its surface temperature and luminosity decrease. E) Its surface temperature and luminosity increase. D) 100 billion Final E) 10 billion An advanced civilization lives on a planet orbiting a close binary star system that consists of a 15MSun red giant and a 10MSun black hole. Assume that the two stars are quite close together, so that an accretion disk surrounds the black hole. The planet on which the civilization lives orbits the binary star at a distance of 10 AU. 26) Sometime within the next million years or so, their planet is likely to be doomed because A) jets of material shot out of the accretion disk will shoot down their planet. B) tidal forces from the black hole will rip the planet apart. C) the red giant will probably undergo a supernova explosion within the next million years. D) their planet receives most of its energy from the red giant. However, this star will soon be completely devoured in the accretion disk and thus will no longer exist. E) the planet's orbit gradually will decay as it is sucked in by the black hole. 27) Through a bizarre (and scientifically unexplainable) fluctuation in the spacetime continuum, a copy of a book titled Iguoonos: How We Evolved appears on your desk. As you begin to read, you learn that the book describes the evolution of the people living in the star system described above. In the first chapter, you learn that these people evolved from organisms that lived 5 billion years ago. Which of the following statements should you expect to find as you continue to read this book? A) As a result of traumatic experiences of their evolutionary ancestors, they dislike television. B) They believe that the presence of two stars in their system was critical to their evolution. C) Their immediate ancestors were chimpanzees. D) They evolved from primitive wormlike creatures that had 13 legs, 4 eyes, and bald heads, thus explaining why such critters are now considered a spectacular delicacy. E) They evolved on a different planet in a different star system and moved to their current location. 5 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy Final The following questions refer to the H-R diagram below that shows the life track of a 1-solar-mass star, with various stages labeled with Roman numerals. Figure 17. 1 28) Which stage lasts the longest? A) viii B) i C) iv D) iii E) vi 29) In the end, the remaining core of this star will be left behind as A) a supernova. B) a white dwarf made primarily of carbon and oxygen. C) a white dwarf made primarily of silicon and iron. D) a neutron star. E) a black hole. 30) What is the Sun mainly made of? A) hydrogen and oxygen B) oxygen and carbon C) hydrogen and helium D) carbon and nitrogen E) nearly equal portions of all the elements 31) Which of the following comprise the oldest members of the Milky Way? A) red giant stars in spiral arms B) globular clusters C) Cepheid variables D) the Sun and other solar mass stars E) O stars 32) The wavelength of a wave is A) equal to the speed of the wave times the wave's frequency. B) the distance between a peak of the wave and the next trough. C) the distance between two adjacent peaks of the wave. D) how strong the wave is. E) the distance between where the wave is emitted and where it is absorbed. 33) What is the name given to 2H? A) deuterium B) helium C) hydrogen D) tritium 6 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 34) Approximately how fast are you moving with the rotation of the earth around its axis? A) 130 km/hr B) 1,300 km/hr C) 13,000 km/hr D) 13 km/hr Final 35) What do astronomers mean by light pollution? A) Light pollution refers to pollution caused by light industry as opposed to heavy industry. B) Light pollution refers to light used for human activities that brightens the sky and hinders astronomical observations. C) Light pollution refers to harmful gases emitted by common street lights. D) Light pollution is another name for sunlight, which makes it impossible to see stars in the daytime. E) Light pollution refers to the lights that must be used inside major observatories and that make it difficult for astronomers' eyes to adapt to darkness. 36) What evidence supports the galactic fountain model? A) We see a jet of ionized gas shooting out of the bulge of our galaxy. B) We have mapped several spiral arms of the Milky Way Galaxy. C) We have observed a lot of water molecules in the interstellar medium. D) We see hot gas above the disk of the galaxy and cool gas that appears to be raining down from the halo. E) We have no evidence yet for the galactic fountain model. 37) How do we know what happens at the event horizon of a black hole? A) Astronomers have analyzed the light from matter within the event horizon of many black holes. B) Astronomers have detected X rays from accretion disks around black holes. C) Astronomers have sent spacecraft through the event horizon of a nearby black hole. D) Physicists have created miniature black holes in the lab. E) We don't know for sure: we only know what to expect based on the predictions of general relativity. 38) What is a central dominant galaxy? A) a giant spiral galaxy that exerts large tidal forces on other nearby galaxies B) a galaxy around which many other smaller galaxies orbit C) a hypothesized galaxy type that no longer exists but once dominated the structure of the universe D) a spiral galaxy from which many smaller galaxies form when it is stripped apart by tidal forces E) a giant elliptical galaxy at the center of a dense cluster 39) The study of energy levels in atoms is called A) particle physics. B) quantum mechanics. C) classical mechanics. D) general relativity. E) special relativity. 7 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy Final 40) Why did the era of nuclei end when the universe was about 300,000 years old? A) All the free particles had combined to form the nuclei of atoms. B) Neutrinos and electrons were finally able to escape the plasma of the early universe and no longer heated the other particles. C) Photons were finally able to escape the plasma of the early universe and no longer heated the hydrogen and helium ions. D) The universe had expanded and cooled to a temperature of about 3,000 K, cool enough for stable, neutral atoms to form. E) No theory can explain this. 41) What causes the radio pulses of a pulsar? A) A black hole near the star absorbs energy and re-emits it as radio waves. B) The star vibrates. C) The star undergoes periodic explosions of nuclear fusion that generate radio emission. D) The star's orbiting companion periodically eclipses the radio waves emitted by the main pulsar. E) As the star spins, beams of radio radiation sweep through space. If one of the beams crosses the earth, we observe a pulse. 2) If we represent the Milky Way Galaxy as the size of a grapefruit (10-cm diameter), the distance to the Andromeda Galaxy would be about A) 3 m. B) 100 km. C) 1 km. D) 10 cm. E) 30 m. 43) About where is our solar system located within the Milky Way Galaxy? A) at the center of the galaxy B) about two-thirds of the way from the center of the galaxy to the outskirts of the galactic d isk C) about 10 percent of the way from the center of the galaxy to the outskirts of the galactic disk D) near the far outskirts of the galactic disk E) in the halo of the galaxy above the galactic disk 44) What is an astronomical unit? A) any basic unit used in astronomy B) the average speed of the earth around the Sun C) the diameter of the earth's orbit around the Sun D) the average distance from the earth to the Sun E) the length of time it takes the earth to revolve around the Sun 45) How did the Ptolemaic model explain the apparent retrograde motion of the planets? A) It varied the motion of the celestial sphere so that it sometimes moved backward. B) It held that the planets moved along small circles that moved on larger circles around the Sun. C) It held that the planets moved along small circles that moved on larger circles around the earth. D) It held that sometimes the planets moved backward along their circular orbits. E) It placed the Sun at the center so that the planets' apparent retrograde motion was seen as the earth passed each one in its orbit. 46) What is meant by spectral resolution? A) It is the same as angular resolution when applied to telescopes operating at different wavelengths. B) It is a measure of how close two point sources can be distinguished. C) It is a measure of how much energy an object emits in different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. D) It is a measure of how close two spectral lines can be distinguished. 8 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 47) The tides on Earth are an example of A) Newton's third law of motion. B) Newton's second law of motion. C) Newton's first law of motion. D) the universal law of gravitation. E) none of the above 48) What might be causing the universe to accelerate? A) WIMPs B) dark gravity C) we don't know! —it's a subject of continuing research D) MACHOs E) white-dwarf supernovae Final 49) White-dwarf supernovae are good standard candles for distance measurements for all the following reasons except which? A) All white-dwarf supernovae involve the explosion of stars of nearly the same mass. B) White-dwarf supernovae occur only among young and extremely bright stars. C) White-dwarf supernovae are common enough that we detect several every year. D) All white-dwarf supernovae have similar light curves, which makes them easy to distinguish from massive-star supernovae. E) White-dwarf supernovae are so bright that they can be detected even in very distant galaxies. 50) What do we mean by the singularity of a black hole? A) It is the center of the black hole, a place of infinite density where the known laws of physics cannot describe the conditions. B) An object can become a black hole only once, and a black hole cannot evolve into anything else. C) There are no binary black holes? each one is isolated. D) It is the â€Å"point of no return† of the black hole; anything closer than this point will not be able to escape the gravitational force of the black hole. E) It is the edge of the black hole, where one could leave the observable universe. 51) Which of the following is an example in which you are traveling at constant speed but not at constant velocity? A) driving around in a circle at exactly 100 km/hr B) rolling freely down a hill in a cart, traveling in a straight line C) jumping up and down, with a period of exactly 60 hops per minute D) driving backward at exactly 50 km/hr E) none of the above 52) What is a superbubble? A) the region of space cleared by a powerful supernova B) a very low-density region of interstellar space, formed by the merger of several bubbles C) a very high-density region of interstellar space, filled with gas ejected from nearby star systems D) a bubble so large that it fills much of the galactic halo E) a cloud of gas that can form a million or more stars AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 53) No stars have been found with masses greater than 100 times our Sun because A) they would fragment into binary stars because of their rapid rotation. B) molecular clouds do not have enough material to form such massive stars. C) they would generate so much power that they would blow themselves apart. D) they are no t bright enough to be seen nearby. E) they shine exclusively at X-ray wavelengths and become difficult to detect. 54) All of the following are involved in carrying energy outward from a star's core except A) conduction. B) radiative diffusion. C) neutrinos. D) convection. 55) In what part of the electromagnetic spectrum do the biggest telescopes on Earth operate? A) ultraviolet B) radio C) infrared D) X-ray E) visible 56) Which is the strongest of the fundamental forces in the universe? A) weak force B) electromagnetic force C) strong force D) gravitational force E) none of the above 57) The path that led to modern science emerged from ancient civilizations in which part of the world? A) China B) North America C) Southern Asia D) the Mediterranean and the Middle East E) Central and South America Final 58) Most of the energy produced in the Sun is released in the form of visible light from the photosphere. However, some energy is released from the upper layers of the solar atmosphere. Which of the following best describes where other forms of light are released? A) The convection zone is the source of ultraviolet light, and the upper photosphere is the source of X rays. B) The chromosphere is the source of infrared light, and the corona is the source of ultraviolet light. C) The chromosphere is the source of X rays, and the corona is the source of radio waves. D) The chromosphere is the source of ultraviolet light, and the corona is the source of X rays. 59) How did Edwin Hubble measure the distance to the Andromeda Galaxy? A) He applied the period-luminosity relation to Cepheid variables. B) He used white dwarf supernovae. C) He deduced it from its redshift. D) He used main-sequence fitting. E) He measured its parallax. 10 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 60) Dr. Smith believes that the Hubble constant is H0 = 70 km/s/Mpc. Dr. Jones believes it is H0 = 50 Final km/s/Mpc. Which statement below automatically follows? A) Dr. Smith believes that the universe is younger than Dr. Jones believes. B) Dr. Smith believes that the Andromeda Galaxy (a member of our Local Group) is moving away from us at a faster speed than Dr. Jones believes. C) Dr. Smith believes that the universe is expanding, but Dr. Jones does not. D) Dr. Smith believes that the universe will someday stop expanding, while Dr. Jones believes it will expand forever. E) Dr. Smith believes that the universe is older than Dr. Jones believes. 61) What is an artificial star? A) a meteor B) the unseen member of a binary star system C) a satellite orbiting the earth D) a point of light in the earth's atmosphere created by a laser for the purpose of monitoring atmospheric fluctuations E) a possible source of dark matter in the universe 62) When we see X rays from an accretion disk in a binary system, we can't immediately tell whether the accretion disk surrounds a neutron star or a black hole. Suppose we then observe each of the following phenomena in this system. Which one would force us to immediately rule out the possibility of a black hole? A) bright X-ray emission that varies on a time scale of a few hours B) spectral lines from the companion star that alternately shift to shorter and longer wavelengths C) visible and ultraviolet light from the companion star D) sudden, intense X-ray bursts 63) On a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, where would we find white dwarfs? A) upper left B) lower right C) lower left D) upper right 64) On a cosmic calendar, in which the history of the universe is compressed into 1 year, when did Kepler and Galileo first discover that we live on a planet in a solar system? A) 1 second ago B) December 30 C) 1 week ago D) December 25 E) 1 day ago 65) Why does the Big Bang theory predict that the cosmic background radiation should have a perfect thermal radiation spectrum? A) It doesn't predict that the cosmic background radiation should have a perfect thermal radiation spectrum. B) The spectrum of 75 percent hydrogen and 25 percent helium is a perfect thermal radiation spectrum. C) The light from all the stars and gas in the sky averaged over the entire universe is a perfect thermal radiation spectrum. D) The spectrum of pure hydrogen is a perfect thermal radiation spectrum. E) The background radiation came from the heat of the universe, with a peak corresponding to the temperature of the universe. 11 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 66) If a material is transparent, then it A) scatters light well. B) emits light well. C) transmits light well. D) absorbs light well. E) reflects light well. 67) He discovered what we now call Newton's first law of motion. A) Ptolemy B) Galileo C) Tycho Brahe 68) Where was the Sun in Ptolemy's model of the universe? A) slightly offset from the center B) between the earth and the Moon's orbit C) at the outer edge, beyond Saturn's orbit D) between the orbits of Venus and Mars E) at the center Final D) Kepler E) Copernicus 69) Why do we expect the cosmic background radiation to be almost, but not quite, the same in all directions? A) The overall structure of the universe is very uniform, but the universe must have contained some regions of higher density in order for galaxies to form. B) The temperature of the universe can be found by taking an average over the entire sky, but individual stars will create peaks in the spectrum over small angles. C) The overall structure of the universe is very uniform, but the synthesis of different elements produces varying signatures within the background spectrum. D) The overall structure of the universe is very uniform, but intervening gas between us and the era of nuclei absorbs wavelengths depending on the composition and redshift of the gas. E) Dark matter consisting of WIMPs greatly smooths out the spectrum, but the small patches of â€Å"light† matter create peaks in the spectrum. 70) A star of spectral type O lives approximately how long on the main sequence? A) 10,000 years B) 1 million years C) 1,000 years D) 1 billion years E) 100 million years 71) If you wanted to observe a molecular cloud, in which of the ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum would you most likely observe? (There are additional possibilities. ) A) infrared B) gamma-ray C) X-ray D) ultraviolet E) visible 72) How do we learn about what is going on in the center of our own galaxy (the Milky Way)? A) We cannot see the galactic center with visible or ultraviolet light, but radio and X rays from the center can be detected. B) The gas and dust in the Milky Way prevent any type of direct observation of the galactic center, but theoretical models allow us to predict what is happening there. C) We have learned it only recently, thanks to the great photographs obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope. D) We must look at the centers of other galaxies and hope that ours is just like others. 12 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 73) The age of the universe is A) between 100 billion and 160 billion years. B) between 100 million and 160 million years. C) between 1 billion and 1. 6 billion years. D) between 10 billion and 16 billion years. E) between 10 million and 16 million years. Final 74) Which forces have physicists shown to be the same force under conditions of very high temperature or energy, as confirmed by experiments in particle accelerators? A) the strong and electromagnetic forces B) the electromagnetic and weak forces C) gravity and the strong force D) the strong and weak forces E) gravity and the weak force 75) Cluster ages can be determined from A) main sequence fitting. B) pulsating variable stars. C) visual binaries. D) main sequence turnoff. E) spectroscopic binaries. 6) The spectral sequence sorts stars according to A) radius. B) mass. C) luminosity. D) surface temperature. E) core temperature. 77) Why wasn't the intracluster medium in galaxy clusters discovered until the 1970s? A) The medium emits X rays, which are blocked by the earth's atmosphere and require X-ray satellites in space in order to be observed. B) We didn't have the resolution to observe ga laxy clusters until then. C) We did not know how much dark matter existed before then. D) Radiation emitted by the medium was so dim that we couldn't detect it until we built much larger telescopes. E) The Milky Way was blocking our view of distant galaxy clusters. 78) The most active galactic nuclei are usually found at large distances from us; relatively few nearby galaxies have active galactic nuclei. What does this imply? A) Active galactic nuclei tend to become less active as they age. B) Active galactic nuclei can form only at large distances from the Milky Way. C) The jets seen in many active galactic nuclei must cause them to move far away from us. D) Massive black holes existed only when the universe was young and no longer exist today. 13 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 9) Which of the following is an example of baryonic matter? A) neutrinos B) you C) mesons produced by physicists in particle accelerators D) electrons and positrons produced by pair production E) WIMPs Final 80) How can we see through the interstellar medium? A) by using only the biggest telescopes B) by observing only the brightest visible sources C) by using telescopes above the earth's atmosphere D) by observing in high-energy wavelengths such as X rays and long wavelengths of light such as radio waves E) We cannot see through the interstellar medium. 1) On a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, where on the main sequence would we find stars that have the greatest mass? A) upper right B) lower left C) lower right D) upper left 82) What is nuclear fusion? A) an explosion caused by putting together two volatile chemicals B) a process that only occurs in bombs C) the process of splitting nuclei to produce energy D) the process of combining lightweight nuclei to make heavier nuclei E) the process of turning matter into pure energy 83) He developed a system for predicting planetary positions that remained in use for some 1,500 years. A) Copernicus B) Tycho Brahe C) Kepler D) Galileo E) Ptolemy 84) What causes stars to twinkle? A) variable absorption by interstellar gas along the line of sight to the star B) the inability of the human eye to see faint objects C) bending of light rays by turbulent layers in the atmosphere D) variations in the absorption of the atmosphere E) It is intrinsic to the stars—their brightness varies as they expand and contract. 5) The controversial book of this famous person, published in 1543 (the year of his death), suggested that the earth and other planets orbit the Sun. A) Copernicus B) Kepler C) Tycho Brahe D) Galileo E) Ptolemy 86) What is a typical mass-to-light ratio for the inner region of a spiral galaxy, in units of solar masses per solar luminosity? A) 6 B) 0. 1 C) 1,000 D) 600 E) 100 14 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 87) In the formula E = mc2, what does E represent? A) the mass-energy, or potential energy stored in an object's mass B) the radiative energy carried by light C) the electric charge of the object D) the kinetic energy of a moving object E) the gravitational potential energy of an object held above the ground The following questions refer to the sketch below of an H-R diagram for a star cluster. Figure 17. 2 Final 88) Based on its main-sequence turnoff point, the age of this cluster is A) about 10 billion years. B) less than 1 billion years. C) more than 15 billion years. D) about 2 billion years. E) about 1 billion years. 9) What percentage of a molecular cloud's mass is interstellar dust? A) 1% B) 28% C) 50% D) 12% E) 1-50%, depending on the mass of the molecular cloud 90) Which of the following correctly states the luminosity-distance formula? luminosity A) distance = 4? ? (apparent brightness)2 B) apparent brightness = luminosity ? 4? ? (distance)2 apparent brightness C) luminosity = 4? ? (distance)2 D) apparent brightness = lumin osity 4? ? (distance)2 15 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy 91) Harlow Shapley concluded that the Sun was not in the center of the Milky Way Galaxy by A) looking at the shape of the â€Å"milky band† across he sky. B) mapping the distribution of globular clusters in the galaxy. C) mapping the distribution of stars in the galaxy. D) looking at other nearby spiral galaxies. E) mapping the distribution of gas clouds in the spiral arms. 92) Which of the following statements about stages of nuclear burning (i. e. , first-stage hydrogen burning, second-stage helium burning, etc. ) in a massive star is not true? A) Each successive stage creates an element with a higher atomic weight. B) As each stage ends, the core shrinks further. C) Each successive stage of fusion requires higher temperatures than the previous stages. D) Each successive stage lasts for approximately the same amount of time. Final 93) Which of the following is not true of quasars? A) Some quasars are more than a thousand times more luminous than the Milky Way. B) Some quasars can change their brightness every few hours. C) Quasars are powered by the energy radiated by matter falling into a central black hole. D) Quasars are powered by the intense production of large numbers of stars that can only be sustained for a relatively short time. E) Quasars were more common in the past. 94) How does the spectrum of a molecule differ from the spectrum of an atom? A) Molecules only have spectral lines at ultraviolet wavelengths. B) Most atoms only have spectral lines at infrared wavelengths. C) A molecule does not have spectral lines due to electrons changing energy levels. D) A molecule has additional spectral lines due to changes in its rotational and vibrational energies. E) An atom has a wider range of spectral lines than molecules. 95) We can learn a lot about the properties of a star by studying its spectrum. All of the following statements are true except one. Which one? A) We can identify chemical elements present in the star by recognizing patterns of spectral lines that correspond to particular chemicals. B) We can look at Doppler shifts of spectral lines to determine the star's speed toward or away from us. C) The total amount of light in the spectrum tells us the star's radius. D) The peak of the star's thermal emission tells us its temperature: Hotter stars peak at shorter (bluer) wavelengths. 96) Where does the energy come from that your body uses to keep you alive? A) It is produced from the radiative energy of the Sun on your skin. B) It comes from the foods you eat. C) It is created during the time that you rest or sleep. D) It is in the air that you breathe. E) It comes from the water you drink. 16 AST 101- Introduction to Astronomy Final 97) Which of the following statements best describes the two principal advantages of telescopes over eyes? A) Telescopes have much more magnification and better angular resolution. B) Telescopes can collect far more light with far better angular resolution. C) Telescopes can collect far more light with far greater magnification. D) Telescopes collect more light and are unaffected by twinkling. E) Telescopes can see farther without image distortion and can record more accurate colors. 98) According to the universal law of gravitation, if you triple the distance between two objects, then the gravitational force between them will A) decrease by a factor of 9. B) decrease by a factor of 6. C) decrease by a factor of 3. D) increase by a factor of 3. E) increase by a factor of 9. 99) Degeneracy pressure is the source of the pressure that stops the crush of gravity in all the following except A) a neutron star. B) a brown dwarf. C) the central core of the Sun after hydrogen fusion ceases but before helium fusion begins. D) a very massive main-sequence star. E) a white dwarf. 100) Which of the following is not a conserved quantity? A) momentum C) energy B) angular momentum D) radiation 17 Answer Key Testname: FINAL_071212 1) E 2) E 3) E 4) A 5) C 6) B 7) C 8) D 9) E 10) C 11) D 12) E 13) B 14) E 15) C 16) A 17) E 18) A 19) E 20) B 21) D 22) D 23) B 24) E 25) E 26) C 27) E 28) D 29) B 30) C 31) B 32) C 33) A 34) B 35) B 36) D 37) E 38) E 39) B 0) D 41) E 42) A 43) B 44) D 45) C 46) D 47) D 48) C 18 Answer Key Testname: FINAL_071212 49) 50) 51) 52) 53) 54) 55) 56) 57) 58) 59) 60) 61) 62) 63) 64) 65) 66) 67) 68) 69) 70) 71) 72) 73) 74) 75) 76) 77) 78) 79) 80) 81) 82) 83) 84) 85) 86) 87) 88) 89) 90) 91) 92) 93) 94) 95) 96) B A A B C A B C D D A A D D C A E C B D A B A A D B D D A A B D D D E C A A A A A D B D D D C B 19 Answer Key Testname: FINAL_071212 97) B 98) A 99) D 100) D 20